The future of wearable EEG: a review of ear-EEG technology and its applications

Objective. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of ear-electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, which involves recording EEG signals from electrodes placed in or around the ear, and its applications in the field of neural engineering. Approach. We conducted a thorough literature search using multiple databases to identify relevant studies related to ear-EEG technology and its various applications. We selected 123 publications and synthesized the information to highlight the main findings and trends in this field. Main results. Our review highlights the potential of ear-EEG technology as the future of wearable EEG technology. We discuss the advantages and limitations of ear-EEG compared to traditional scalp-based EEG and methods to overcome those limitations. Through our review, we found that ear-EEG is a promising method that produces comparable results to conventional scalp-based methods. We review the development of ear-EEG sensing devices, including the design, types of sensors, and materials. We also review the current state of research on ear-EEG in different application areas such as brain-computer interfaces, and clinical monitoring. Significance. This review paper is the first to focus solely on reviewing ear-EEG research articles. As such, it serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and engineers working in the field of neural engineering. Our review sheds light on the exciting future prospects of ear-EEG, and its potential to advance neural engineering research and become the future of wearable EEG technology.