Review of Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Produced on Eco-Friendly Substrates

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has been extensively researched due to its facile fabrication on various carbon-containing substrates using simple laser scribing. In recent years, advancements have enabled the production of LIG on environmentally friendly substrates, opening new possibilities for designing sustainable electronics that minimize adverse environmental effects. This paper provides an overview of the latest advancements in manufacturing technologies for LIG on eco-friendly substrates, such as paper, wood, lignin biomass, cloth, food, and biocompatible parylene-C. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted between LIG generated on eco-friendly substrates and graphene patterns printed using commercially available graphene ink. This analysis emphasizes the potential efficacy of LIG as an efficient manufacturing technique for producing conductive graphene patterns. The review also outlines the remaining challenges requiring attention to advance these manufacturing processes and outlooks future opportunities, which can serve as a valuable guide for both novice researchers unfamiliar with LIG and experienced researchers aiming to utilize eco-friendly substrates in their study.