Rapid anodic formation of high aspect ratio WO ₃ layers with self-ordered nanochannel geometry and use in photocatalysis

Channel hopping: The formation of WO ₃ layers with an aligned nanochannel morphology by using self-organizing anodization of a tungsten metal substrate is demonstrated. The nanochannel layers with diameters of approximately 9 nm can be grown to about 10 μm thickness. Layers optimized for length and structure are promising for visible-light photocatalytic applications, such as water-splitting photoanodes (see figure).