Immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy has been acknowledged as a new par-adigm for cancer treatment, with notable therapeutic effects on certain cancer types. Despite their significant potential, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed that cancer immuno-therapy has low response rates in the majority of solid tumors. One of the key causes for poor responses is known to be the relatively low immunogenicity of solid tumors. Because most solid tumors are immune desert ‘cold tumors’ with antitumor immunity blocked from the onset of innate immunity, combi-nation therapies that combine validated T-based therapies with approaches that can increase tumor-immunogenicity are being considered as relevant therapeutic options. This review paper focuses on immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a way of enhan-cing immunogenicity in tumor tissues. We will thoroughly re-view how ICDs such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis can improve anti-tumor immunity and outline clinical trials targeting ICD. Finally, we will discuss the potential of ICD in-ducers as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.