Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations

Gwan Hui Jang; Mingyu Choi; Gilsu Choi

doi:10.1109/ECCE53617.2023.10362410

Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations

Gwan Hui Jang, Mingyu Choi, Gilsu Choi

Inha University

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This paper presents the design and development of a permanent magnet (PM) traction machine for electric kick scooters (e-scooters). The research work starts with a benchmarking study of an existing commercial model to identify areas for improvement. The benchmarking study revealed that the traction machine used in the commercial e-scooter is overdesigned and its maximum speed is limited by software threshold. Following the benchmarking study, the tractive forces of an e-scooter were calculated to identify design specifications taking into account safety regulations and typical performance requirements. Then, the design process of an outer-rotor PM machine that meets the required design specifications is presented. This PM machine is designed for a maximum vehicle speed of 25 km/h without using a reduction gear. The proposed design process utilizes the characteristic current of the PM machine as a key constraint to efficiently search for an optimal solution. The optimal solution is found by using a surrogate-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Finally, simulation results show that the torque density of the proposed gearless design was found to be 39% higher than the benchmark design while meeting performance requirements and safety regulations.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	2070-2075
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9798350316445
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE53617.2023.10362410
State	Published - 2023
Event	2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023 - Nashville, United States Duration: 29 Oct 2023 → 2 Nov 2023

Publication series

Name	2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

Conference

Conference	2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023
Country/Territory	United States
City	Nashville
Period	29/10/23 → 2/11/23

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 IEEE.

Keywords

characteristic current
direct-drive applications
driving cycles
outer-rotor PM machine
personal mobility
surrogate-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1109/ECCE53617.2023.10362410

Cite this

Jang, G. H., Choi, M., & Choi, G. (2023). Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations. In 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023 (pp. 2070-2075). (2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE53617.2023.10362410

@inproceedings{1babb932e54f4a839fe62857ac964c45,

title = "Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations",

abstract = "This paper presents the design and development of a permanent magnet (PM) traction machine for electric kick scooters (e-scooters). The research work starts with a benchmarking study of an existing commercial model to identify areas for improvement. The benchmarking study revealed that the traction machine used in the commercial e-scooter is overdesigned and its maximum speed is limited by software threshold. Following the benchmarking study, the tractive forces of an e-scooter were calculated to identify design specifications taking into account safety regulations and typical performance requirements. Then, the design process of an outer-rotor PM machine that meets the required design specifications is presented. This PM machine is designed for a maximum vehicle speed of 25 km/h without using a reduction gear. The proposed design process utilizes the characteristic current of the PM machine as a key constraint to efficiently search for an optimal solution. The optimal solution is found by using a surrogate-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Finally, simulation results show that the torque density of the proposed gearless design was found to be 39\% higher than the benchmark design while meeting performance requirements and safety regulations.",

keywords = "characteristic current, direct-drive applications, driving cycles, outer-rotor PM machine, personal mobility, surrogate-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm",

author = "Jang, \{Gwan Hui\} and Mingyu Choi and Gilsu Choi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 IEEE.; 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023 ; Conference date: 29-10-2023 Through 02-11-2023",

year = "2023",

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Jang, GH, Choi, M & Choi, G 2023, Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations. in 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023. 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 2070-2075, 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023, Nashville, United States, 29/10/23. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE53617.2023.10362410

Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations. / Jang, Gwan Hui; Choi, Mingyu; Choi, Gilsu.
2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023. p. 2070-2075 (2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Choi, Mingyu

AU - Choi, Gilsu

PY - 2023

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N2 - This paper presents the design and development of a permanent magnet (PM) traction machine for electric kick scooters (e-scooters). The research work starts with a benchmarking study of an existing commercial model to identify areas for improvement. The benchmarking study revealed that the traction machine used in the commercial e-scooter is overdesigned and its maximum speed is limited by software threshold. Following the benchmarking study, the tractive forces of an e-scooter were calculated to identify design specifications taking into account safety regulations and typical performance requirements. Then, the design process of an outer-rotor PM machine that meets the required design specifications is presented. This PM machine is designed for a maximum vehicle speed of 25 km/h without using a reduction gear. The proposed design process utilizes the characteristic current of the PM machine as a key constraint to efficiently search for an optimal solution. The optimal solution is found by using a surrogate-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Finally, simulation results show that the torque density of the proposed gearless design was found to be 39% higher than the benchmark design while meeting performance requirements and safety regulations.

AB - This paper presents the design and development of a permanent magnet (PM) traction machine for electric kick scooters (e-scooters). The research work starts with a benchmarking study of an existing commercial model to identify areas for improvement. The benchmarking study revealed that the traction machine used in the commercial e-scooter is overdesigned and its maximum speed is limited by software threshold. Following the benchmarking study, the tractive forces of an e-scooter were calculated to identify design specifications taking into account safety regulations and typical performance requirements. Then, the design process of an outer-rotor PM machine that meets the required design specifications is presented. This PM machine is designed for a maximum vehicle speed of 25 km/h without using a reduction gear. The proposed design process utilizes the characteristic current of the PM machine as a key constraint to efficiently search for an optimal solution. The optimal solution is found by using a surrogate-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Finally, simulation results show that the torque density of the proposed gearless design was found to be 39% higher than the benchmark design while meeting performance requirements and safety regulations.

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KW - direct-drive applications

KW - driving cycles

KW - outer-rotor PM machine

KW - personal mobility

KW - surrogate-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm

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SP - 2070

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BT - 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

Y2 - 29 October 2023 through 2 November 2023

ER -

Jang GH, Choi M, Choi G. Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations. In 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2023. p. 2070-2075. (2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023). doi: 10.1109/ECCE53617.2023.10362410

Design and Analysis of PM Machines for personal Mobility Applications Considering Safety Regulations

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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