Custom crystals control photons

The design of the optical properties of photonic crystals suiting customer requirements for nanophotonics fabrication was discussed. The photonic crystals have band structure which makes them capable of being engineered to guide photons, localize photons or to modify the dispersion relation of photons. Their property to provide stimulated emission without using resonant cavities allows them to be used for fabricating photonic crystal lasers. The fabrication of one dimensional photonic crystal resonators, two-dimensional photonic crystals, dipole mode photonic bandgap (PBG) lasers, and square bandgap photonic band lasers, using the crystals was also discussed.