Abstract
A novel analytical method combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets (DLLME-SFO) and liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (LC-CAD) was established. For the first time, CAD was applied for the detection of macrolide antibiotics lacking chromophores. Parameters influencing the microextraction efficiency were systematically investigated, and the optimized microextraction conditions yielded high enrichment factors in the range of 60-106. The combined application of DLLME-SFO and LC-CAD provided the sensitivity of the method, expressed as the limit of detection (LOD), as low as 10 to 40ngmL-1 and intra-day and inter-day precisions below 8.7% and 12.6%, respectively. The measured absolute recovery values were approximately 100%, indicating that the extraction efficiency was very high. Direct comparisons of the liquid-liquid extraction and organic solvent precipitation methods demonstrated that the proposed method was more sensitive, specific, rapid, and environmentally friendly for the determination of five macrolide antibiotics in human urine. The results suggest that the combined use of DLLME-SFO and LC-CAD may be applicable to the analysis of various compounds with poor to no chromophores in complex matrices.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 204-213 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis |
| Volume | 86 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2013 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was supported by a grant from the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program (No. 2011-0019639 ) and a grant from the Basic Science Research Program (No. 2011-0024225 ) from the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean Government (MEST) .
Keywords
- Charged aerosol detection
- Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
- Macrolide antibiotics
- Solidification of organic droplets
- Urine sample