Branched Polymer Architecture for Modulating Interactions in Material-Bio Interface

Background: Branched polymers, including star, dendrimers, comb, and biomimetic polymers, are increasingly recognized for their potential in tissue engineering. Their unique architectures and functional properties contribute to enhanced mechanical strength, bioactivity, and adaptability of scaffolds and hydrogels. Objective: This review explores the diverse applications of branched polymers in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, emphasizing their role in mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) and modulating interactions at the material-bio interface. The structural features of branched polymers, including branching density and functional group distribution, are highlighted for their influence on drug delivery, mechanical properties, and cellular interactions. Results: Branched polymers offer distinct advantages in tissue engineering: Star polymers: Provide tunable elasticity and facilitate long-range mechanical networking. Dendrimers: Enable precise functionalization for targeted drug delivery and cell signaling. Comb polymers: Enhance porosity and nutrient exchange in scaffolds. Biomimetic polymers: Mimic natural biological systems, promoting cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Conclusion: Branched polymers represent a versatile and promising platform for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their ability to modulate biological interactions and adapt to diverse functional requirements underscores their potential to advance the field.